|
 |
| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
|
| Year : 2004 | Volume
: 11
| Issue : 2 | Page : 65-69 |
|
|
Perception and satisfaction of secondary school students with the dermatological services in Riyadh city.
Ibrahim A Al-Hoqail
Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| Date of Web Publication | 30-Jun-2012 |
Correspondence Address:
Ibrahim A Al-Hoqail
College of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box 59046, Riyadh 11525
Saudi Arabia
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
 Abstract | | |
Background : Health care that meets patient's expectations inevitably leads to a high level of patient satisfaction and in turn to an improved compliance of the patient with the prescribed management. Accordingly, health care services are more likely to improve. Numerous factors have been associated with patient satisfaction and studies have been done to investigate this relationship. However, not much work has been done in the field of dermatological service.
Objective : This study was designed to investigate the experience, satisfaction and expectations of adolescents of the dermatological services provided in the outpatient ambulatory facilities.
Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted on 700 male and female secondary school students in Riyadh in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the students. Data were related to the perception, expectation and satisfaction of a specific group of students. The overall and different items of satisfaction with the dermatological service including satisfaction with the physician providing the service, and satisfaction with the setting of the care were estimated.
Results : The age range was 15-29 years with a mean of 18.1 + 1.8 years. Of the 517 (74%) respondents, 267 (51.6%) males and 250 (48.4%) females, 457 (88.4%) were Saudis. With regard to expectation and preference, 385 (73.9%) would like to have dermatologists at each PHC center; 310 (59.5%) preferred a government setting for treatment. Statistically significant gender preference was observed (p<0.001); males preferred male dermatologist and females preferred female dermatologist, 142 (52.8 %) and 167 (66.5%), respectively. Only 14 (2.7 %) had no preference. As far as the experience with dermatological service was concerned, 273 (52.4%) had had one or more consultations, 225 (82.4%) had used the services for curative purpose, 91 (33.3%), 104 (38.1%) and 78 (28.6%) had used governmental, private and both facilities, respectively. Overall, 188 (68.9%) patients were satisfied, but of those who had availed themselves of the government services, 36 (42.3%) were not satisfied and 68 (24.9%) considered the waiting time too long.
Conclusion : Dermatological services at the governmental facilities do not meet the expectations of the adolescent. Well-designed operational research studies on the appropriate sample, focusing on patients' expectation and satisfaction with appropriate sample is required. Such studies will facilitate the work of the policy makers and service implementers and help them to develop appropriate human and other resources in order to tailor dermatologic services to the clients' expectations. Keywords: Perceptions, satisfaction, expectations, adolescents, Dermatological services.
How to cite this article:
Al-Hoqail IA. Perception and satisfaction of secondary school students with the dermatological services in Riyadh city. J Fam Community Med 2004;11:65-9 |
How to cite this URL:
Al-Hoqail IA. Perception and satisfaction of secondary school students with the dermatological services in Riyadh city. J Fam Community Med [serial online] 2004 [cited 2020 Sep 28];11:65-9. Available from: http://www.jfcmonline.com/text.asp?2004/11/2/65/97748 |
| Introduction | |  |
Skin disease is among the ten most common groups of diseases registered in the outpatients' ambulatory services in Saudi Arabia, the number of patients having increased over the past five years. [1]
Health care that is responsive to patient's expectations will inevitably lead to high levels of patient satisfaction, which in turn can lead to improved compliance of patient with prescribed therapy. [2],[3] Accordingly, an improvement in the health outcome will be more likely. [4],[5] It has been stated that poor compliance with prescribed management might lead not only to negative consequences on the health outcome of the patient, but also to a waste of economic resources. [6],[7]
Factors suggested to be associated with patient satisfaction include, good patient-physician relationship, type of treatment, route of administration, factors that describe administration of health service, and some characteristics of the physician. [8],[9] Although patient satisfaction with health services has been studied widely, little empirical work that assesses patient satisfaction with dermatological services, especially in Saudi Arabia, currently exists.
Adolescents form an important age group of the community considered a common target for health service research and interventions. This age group has been selected for the study essentially because early exposure to the risk factors of skin diseases has been shown to have a crucial impact on later development of these diseases. Moreover, children and adolescents are probably more receptive than adults to ideas on health promotion and prevention. For these reasons, as well as reasons of feasibility, adolescents of the secondary school age were selected as study subjects. [14]
This study was designed to investigate the experiences, needs and satisfaction of adolescents in the Saudi community, of the dermatological services provided in the outpatient ambulatory facilities. The ultimate goal of this study is to make recommendations for appropriate and effective dermatological services that take cognizance of the patients' expectations.
| Methodology | | |
This is a cross-sectional study carried out on 700 secondary school students of both genders, aged 15-29 years, from all five geographic areas (north, south, east, west and central) of Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Two schools, one for boys and one for girls, were selected randomly from each geographic area. One class from each grade was randomly selected and permission to conduct the study was obtained from the school authorities. A self-administered questionnaire was given to the students during their regular class times to be completed anonymously. The questionnaire was designed to measure students' knowledge, experiences, expectations and satisfaction with dermatological services.
Analysis of the data was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 9.0). Frequency distributions of all variables were calculated. All p-values were based on 2-sided test, and the cut-off value for statistical significance was set at 0.05. Chi-square analysis was used to test differences in proportions.
| Results | | |
A total of 700 students were contacted. Of these, 517 responded (response rate 73.9%). The age range was 15-29 years with a mean of 18.1 + 1.8 years. Of the 517 respondents, 267 (51.6%) were males and 250 (48.4%) were females, 337 (65.2%) had a family income of less than SR 10,000. Of the total, 457 (88.4%) were Saudis. Overall, the social and demographic characteristics of male and female students were similar and there were no statistically significant differences regarding their age, nationality, family income [Table 1].The majority considered dermatological diseases as of high and moderate public health importance 496 (96%) and 279 (53.5%) perceived allergy and acne as the most prevalent dermatological diseases [Table 2]. | Table 1: Demographic characteristics of respondents among secondary school students
Click here to view |
 | Table 2: Students' perception of importance and prevalence of dermatological diseases (N=517)
Click here to view |
With regard to expectations and preference, 383 (73%) would like to have dermatologists at each PHC center, 308 (60%) preferred a government setting for treatment. Statistically significant (p<0.001) for gender preference was observed; males preferred male dermatologist and females preferred female dermatologist [Table 3]. | Table 3: Demands of settings and personnel for dermatological services (N=517)
Click here to view |
Only 35 (6%) thought all diseases were curable and the majority believed most and some dermatologic diseases were curable 249 (49%) and 223 (43%), respectively. The most preferred route of therapy was topical 353 (68%), and majority had a partial preference for herbal medicine 450 (87%) [Table 4].
As far as the experience of dermatological services is concerned, 273 (52.4%) had had one or more consultations, 225 (82.4%) had used the services for curative purposes, 91 (33.3%), 104 (38.1%) and 78 (28.6%) had used governmental, private and both facilities, respectively. The majority (68.9%) of patients were satisfied, but of those who had availed themselves of the government services, 36 (42.3%) were not satisfied and 68 (24.9%) thought the waiting time was too long [Table 5]. | Table 4: Students' knowledge and preference of treatment of dermatological diseaess
Click here to view |
 | Table 5: Students' satisfaction and place and purpose of dermatological consultation
Click here to view |
| Discussion | | |
Health services are now increasingly being made client-oriented, even in developing countries. [11]-[14] This study explored the perception of a group secondary school students, their expectations and satisfaction with the available dermatologic services in Riyadh city. The study raises more questions than attempts to answer. It is clear that the students feel that the dermatology services are vital since the majority (96%) consider skin diseases are of high and moderate health importance. However, they know little about most common skin problems. As it has been reported by some authors, [15] their knowledge of most common skin problems is rather meager or misconceived.
Interestingly, over two thirds of our respondents were satisfied with the dermatology services; However, of those who had sought for help at governmental facilities, 41% were not satisfied with the care received compared to those seen in the private sector 26%. This may reflect unfulfilled expectation of having a dermatologist in every PHC center and/or the lack of access to the service because of the socio-economic status. Literature supports the finding that those belonging to higher socio-economic stratum were more satisfied. [16],[17],[18]
Our study also shows that a small proportion of respondents would prefer total reliance on herbal medicines in treating dermatologic diseases, though a majority of them only use herbal medicines sometimes. Is this true for all age groups? Is it a healthy trend, or it is an area that needs further investigation.
This study showed that a few students in the studied group would seek cosmetic dermatologic care, but mainly at saloons and beauty centers rather than at dermatology clinics. One wonders whether this is because of the lack of knowledge or access or availability of affordable cosmetic dermatological services.
Gender preference and preference for a Saudi dermatologist may be explained by the Saudi cultural milieu. Other studies demonstrated no gender preference by a majority of both male and female patients for providers of dermatological service. [19]
A major issue in developing countries is that the perceived quality health care is one of the principal determinants of utilization and non-utilization of health services, [11] while in reality, care that meets all medical needs may fail to meet some clients' emotional or social demands, and care that meets psychosocial needs may leave the clients medically at risk. [12] For example, in a Bangladesh study, it was seen that reduction in waiting time and some shortening of the medical consultation time showed a significant improvement in client satisfaction. [13] Therefore, in-depth studies should be carried out to determine various aspects of client satisfaction relative to their cultural background. [12] At the same time, a balance between medically appropriate care and patients' satisfaction need to be maintained.
The main limitations of the study design are that the sample included only adolescents of secondary school age which precludes any generalization of the study conclusions. Besides, satisfaction with the services was based on recall of events from past clinic visits. This past recall could be a source of different kinds of errors and bias. Moreover, the severity of disease associated in many investigations with patient satisfaction cannot be examined in this study, which was based on patient subjective judgment rather than the more objective physician decision. Lastly, it is well known that satisfaction is largely determined by the individual's education, experience and expectation. In this study, the expectation of students on the optimum dermatological service before the visit and its effect on satisfaction were not studied.
| Conclusion | | |
This study may be seen as an exploratory attempt or as a pilot study to help raise several operational research questions. Well-designed operational research studies aimed at focusing on areas of patients' expectations and satisfaction with appropriate sample is required. Furthermore, determinants of patients' satisfaction vary with culture. Careful exploration of these determinants is essential to identify areas where myths and misconceptions may impede medically appropriate care at the cost of the patient. Such studies will facilitate the future work of policy makers and service providers and help them to develop appropriate human and other resources in order to tailor dermatologic services to meet clients' expectations in the future.
| References | | |
| 1. | Annual Statistical Report. Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. 2000. 
|
| 2. | Gerteis M, Edgman-Levitan S, Daley J, Delbanco T. Medicine and health from the patient perspective. In: Gerteis M, Edgman-Levitan S, Daley J, Delbanco T, eds. Through the Patient's Eyes. San Francisco, Calif: Jossey-Bass Inc; 1993:1-15.
|
| 3. | Laine C, Davidoff F. Patient-centered medicine: a professional evolution. JAMA 1996; 275:152-6.
|
| 4. | Joos SK, Hickam DH, Gordon GH, Baker LH. Effect of a physician communication intervention on patient care outcomes. J Gen Intern Med 1996; 11:147-55.
|
| 5. | Brown JB, Boles M, Mullooly JB, Levinson W. Effect of clinician communication skills training on patient satisfaction: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131:822-9.
|
| 6. | Rand CS, Wise RA. Measuring adherence to asthma medication regimes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149(2 pt 2):S69-S78.
|
| 7. | Richards SL, Fortune DG, O'Sullivan TM, Main CJ, Griffiths CEM. Patients with psoriasis and their compliance with medication. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 41:581-583.
|
| 8. | Kroenke K. Patient expectations for care: how hidden is the agenda? Mayo Clin Proc 1998; 73:191-3.
|
| 9. | Kravitz RL, Cope DW, Bhrany V, Leake B. Internal medicine patients' expectations for care during office visits. J Gen Intern Med 1994; 9:75-81.
|
| 10. | Mermestein RJ, Riesenberg LA. Changing knowledge and attitude about skin cancer risk factors in adolescents. Health Psychol 1992; 11:371-4.
|
| 11. | Diaz S. Quality is client oriented. Plan Parent Chall 1994;(2):31-3.
|
| 12. | Rahman MM, Shaidullah M, Shahiduzzam M, Rashid HA. Quality of health care from patient perspectives. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2002; 28(3):87-96.
|
| 13. | Mendoza Aldana J, Piechulek H, Al-Sabir A. Client satisfaction and quality of health care in rural Bangladesh. Bull World Health Organ 2001;79(6):512-7.
|
| 14. | Newman RD, Gloyd S, Nyangezi et al. Satisfaction with outpatient health care services in Manica Province, Mozambique. Heath Policy Plan 1998; 13(2):174-80.
|
| 15. | Ibrahim A. Al-Hoqail. Knowledge, beliefs, and perception of youth toward acne vulgaris. Saudi Med J 2003; 24(7):765-8
|
| 16. | Bluestein J, Weiss LJ. Visits to specialists under Medicare: Socioeconomic advantage and access to care. J Health Care Poor Underserved 1998; 9:153-69.
|
| 17. | Harpole LH, Orav EJ, Hickey M, Posther KE, Brennan TA. Patient satisfaction in the ambulatory setting: influence of data collection methods and socio-demographic factors. J Gen Intern Med 1996; 11:431-4.
|
| 18. | Kao AC, Green DC, Davis NA, Koplan JP, Cleary PD. Patients' trust in physicians: effects of choice, continuity, and payment method. J Gen Intern Med 1998; 13:681-6.
|
| 19. | Matthew H Kanzler, David C Gorsulowsky. Patients' attitudes regarding physical characteristics of medical care providers in dermatologic practices. Arch Dermatol 2002;138:463-6.
|
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4], [Table 5]
|
